Labor and the Economy

• The Social Context of Paul’s Ministry: Tentmaking and Apostleship, by Ronald F. Hock

Leisure and Games

• Cruelty and Civilization: The Roman Games, by Roland Auguet

Travel

• Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World, by Lionel Casson
• Travel in the Ancient World, by Lionel Casson
• The Book of Acts in Its Graeco-Roman Setting, edited by David W. J. gill and Conrad Gempf
• The Cities of St. Paul: Their Influece on His Life and Thought, by William Ramsay

Dining

• Roman Cookery, by John Edwards
• Rome: Its People, Life and Customs, by Ugo Enrico Paoli

TTNT 503 Introduction to Exegesis

Required Texts:

BibleWorks 7.0

ARNOLD, Clinton E. and PRICE, Rob. Basic Greek Vocabulary in Context. Second Edition. Biola University Press, 2004. BUP: 0-00-005160-8

FEE, Gordon. New Testament Exegesis. 3rd Edition. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2002. • ISBN-10: 0664223168 • ISBN-13: 978-0664223168

METZGER, Bruce and EHRMAN, Bart. The Text of the New Testament. Fourth Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. ISBN: 019516122X. (ISBN-13: 9780195161229)

WALLACE, Daniel B. Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996. • ISBN-10: 0310218950 • ISBN-13: 978-0310218951

Recommended Texts:

DANKER, Fred and BAUER, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000. ISBN: 0226039331 (Please note: it is recommended that students purchase this as an electronic add-on to the BibleWorks 7.0 program. The best value is to purchase it with the Koehler-Baumgartner, Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament).

Carry-Over Texts

All Greek students beyond the first year class, both undergraduate and graduate, are also required to have the a copy of the Greek New Testament. This is essential for the text-critical apparatus.

ALAND, Kurt et al. Greek New Testament With Greek-English Dictionary and English Introduction with Papyri 98-116. Fourth Edition. New York: American Bible Society. ISBN: 3438051133

TTNT 605 Exegesis in the Epistles

Required Texts:

BibleWorks 7.0 (electronic version of Bauer’s Lexicon recommended but optional).

ARNOLD, Clinton E.. Coursepack for TTNT 605: Exegesis in the Epistles. Biola University Bookstore, 2007. (BUP 0-00-005198-5)

GREEN, Gene. The Letters to the Thessalonians. Pillar. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2002. (ISBN: 0802837387).

HAWTHORNE, G., MARTIN, R. P., & REID, D., Eds. Dictionary of Paul and His Letters. Downer’s Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1993. (ISBN: 0-8308-1778-6)

CARSON, D. A. & MOO, Douglas. Introduction to the New Testament. 2nd Edition. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2005. (ISBN: 0310238595)

Required Texts (Carried Over from TTNT 503):

The Greek New Testament, UBS 4th ed. (with dictionary). New York: American Bible Society, 2006. (ISBN: 3-438-05113-3)

ARNOLD, C. E. and PRICE, R. Basic Greek Vocabulary in Context. Second Edition. Biola Univerisity Bookstore, 2004. (BUP 0-00-005160-8)

WALLACE, Daniel, Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996. (ISBN: 0-310-21895)

TTNT 704/791/814 The Cultural Setting of Acts

ARNOLD, Clinton E. Acts. Zondervan Illustrated Bible Backgrounds Commentary. Softcover Edition. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2007. • ISBN-10: 0310278252 • ISBN-13: 978-0310278252

BOCK, Darrell. Acts. Baker Exegectical Commentary. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2007. • ISBN-10: 0801026687 • ISBN-13: 978-0801026683

GREEN, Michael. Thirty Years That Changed the World. The Book of Acts for Today. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2004. • ISBN-10: 0802827667 • ISBN-13: 978-0802827661

Paul, Apostle of the Heart Set Free, F.F. Bruce

Introduction to the New Testament, D.A. Carson, Douglass Moo, and Leon Morris

Crucifixion, Martin Hengel

Origin of Paul’s Gospel, Seyoon Kim

The Presence of the Future, George Eldon Ladd

A Theology of the New Testament, George Eldon Ladd

Introduction to the New Testament, John Stott

INTRODUCTORY STUDIES

Relevant major articles in the following reference collection published by InterVarsity Press,

Dictionary of New Testament Background: A Compendium of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship. Edited by Craig A. Evans and Stanley E. Porter. 2000.

Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels. Edited by Joel B. Green, Scott McKnight, and I. Howard Marshall. 1992.

Dictionary of Paul and His Letters. Edited by Gerald F. Hawthorne and Ralph P. Martin. 1993.

Dictionary of the Later New Testament and Its Developments. Edited by Ralph P. Martin. 1997.

and in
The Anchor Bible Dictionary. Edited by David Noel Freedman. 6 vols. New York: Doubleday, 1992.

Introduction

Bauer, W. Orthodoxy and Heresy in Earliest Christianity. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1971.

Carson, D. A., and Douglas J. Moo. An Introduction to the New Testament. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2005.

Guthrie, Donald. New Testament Introduction. 4th rev. ed. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1990.

Käsemann, E. Essays on New Testament Themes. Translated by W. J. Montague. London: SCM, 1964; reprint, Philadelphia: Fortress, 1982.

Kümmel, W. G. Introduction to the New Testament. Rev. ed. Translated by Howard Clark Kee. Nashville: Abingdon, 1975.

Lohse, Eduard. The Formation of the New Testament. Translated by M. Eugene Boring. Nashville: Abingdon, 1981.

Moule, C. F. D. The Birth of the New Testament. 3rd rev. ed. San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1982.

Background and History

Alexander, Philip S. “Rabbinic Judaism and the New Testament.” Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft und die Kunde der älteren Kirche 74 (1983): 237-46.

Aune, David E. The New Testament in Its Literary Environment. Library of Early Christianity. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1987.

Carson, D. A., P. T. O’Brien, & M. A. Seifrid, eds. The Complexities of Second Temple Judaism. Vol. 1 of Justification and Variegated Nomism. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2001.

Charlesworth, James H., ed. The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha. 2 vols. New York: Doubleday, 1983-85.

deSilva, David A. Introducing the Apocrypha: Message, Context, & Significance. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2002.

Elliott, M. A. The Survivors of Israel: A Reconsideration of the Theology of Pre-Christian Judaism. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2000.

Ferguson, Everett. Backgrounds of Early Christianity. 3rd ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2003.

Fitzmyer, J. A. Essays on the Semitic Background of the New Testament. Chico: Scholars, 1974.

Hanson, K. C., and Douglas E. Oakman. Palestine in the Time of Jesus: Social Structures and Social Conflicts. Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 1998.

Hengel, Martin. Judaism and Hellenism: Studies in their Encounter in Palestine during the Early Hellenistic Period. Translated by J. Bowden. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1981.

Hoehner, Harold. Chronological Aspects of the Life of Christ. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1977.

Koester, Helmut. History, Culture, and Religion of the Hellenistic Age. 2nd ed. New York: de Gruyter, 1995.

Marshall, I. Howard. “Palestinian and Hellenistic Christianity: Some Critical Comments.” NTS 19 (1972-73): 271-87.

McLay, R. T. The Use of the Septuagint in New Testament Research. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2003.

Neusner, Jacob. Judaism When Christianity Began: A Survey of Belief and Practice. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2002.

Strack, H. L., and G. Stemberger. Introduction to the Talmud and Midrash. 2nd rev. ed. Translated by M. Bockmuehl. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1991.

VanderKam, James C. An Introduction to Early Judaism. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2001.

Formation

Baird, J. A. Holy Word: The Paradigm of New Testament Formation. Sheffield: Trinity Academic, 2002.

Bauckham, R. J. “Pseudo-Apostolic Letters.” JBL 107 (1988): 469-94.

Bruce, F. F. The New Testament Documents: Are They Reliable? 6th ed. Grand Rapids: InterVarsity, 2003.

Campenhausen, H. von. The Formation of the Christian Bible. Translated by J. A. Baker. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1984.

Dodd, C. H. The Apostolic Preaching and Its Development. New York: Harper & Row, 1964.

Ellis, E. E. The Making of the New Testament Documents. Boston: Brill Academic, 1999, 2002.

________. The Old Testament in Early Christianity. WUNT 54. Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck); Grand Rapids: Baker, 1991.

Gamble, Harry Y. The New Testament Canon: Its Making and Meaning. Guides to Biblical Scholarship. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1985.

Gerhardsson, Birger. The Reliability of the Gospel Tradition. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2001.

Grant, Robert McQueen. The Formation of the New Testament. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1965.

Meade, D. G. Pseudonymity and Canon: An Investigation into the Relationship of Authorship an Authority in Jewish and Earliest Christian Tradition. Tübingen: Mohr, 1986.

Metzger, Bruce. The Canon of the New Testament: Its Origin, Development, and Significance. Oxford: Clarendon, 1997.

Robinson, J. A. T. Redating the New Testament. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1976.

Sysling, Harry, and Martin J. Mulder, eds. Mikra: Text, Translation, Reading and Interpretation of the Hebrew Bible in Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity. Compendia Rerum Iudaicarum ad Novum Testamentum, Section 2, Literature of the Jewish People in the Period of the Second Temple and the Talmud. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1989.

Wilder, Terry. Pseudonymity, the New Testament, and Deception. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2004.

History of Interpretation

Baird, William. History of New Testament Research. 2 vols. to date. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1992-.

Epp, Eldon J. and George W. MacRae, eds. The New Testament and Its Modern Interpreters. The Bible and Its Modern Interpreters. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1989.

Kümmel, W. G. The New Testament: The History of the Investigation of its Problems, trans. S. M. Gilmour and H. C. Kee. Nashville: Abingdon, 1973.
r />Neill, Stephen and N. T. Wright. The Interpretation of the New Testament, 1861-1986. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.

READING STRATEGIES, CRITICAL METHODS, HERMENEUTICS

Aland, Kurt. The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1989.

Augustine, St. On Christian Teaching. Translated by R. P. H. Green. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

Barclay, J. M. G. “Mirror-Reading a Polemical Letter: Galatians as a Test Case.” JSNT 31 (1987): 73-93.

Barr, James. Semantics of Biblical Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1961.

Beale, G. K. The Right Doctrine from the Wrong Texts: Essays on the Use of the Old Testament in the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1994.

Black, David Alan, and David S. Dockery, eds. New Testament Criticism and Interpretation. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1991.

Blomberg, Craig. The Historical Reliability of the Gospels. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1987.

Carson, D. A. Exegetical Fallacies. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1984; reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker, 1996.

Cotterell, Peter, and Max Turner. Linguistics and Biblical Interpretation. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1989.

Ellis, E. Earle. “New Directions in Form Criticism.” In Prophecy and Hermeneutic in Early Christianity, 237-53. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1978.

Fee, Gordon D. New Testament Exegesis: A Handbook for Students and Pastors. 3rd ed. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox, 2002.

Goppelt, L. Typos: The Typological Interpretation of the Old Testament in the New. Translated by D. H. Madrig. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1982.

Green, Joel B., ed. Hearing the New Testament: Strategies for Interpretation. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

Gruenler, R. Meaning and Understanding: The Philosophical Framework for Biblical Interpretation. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1991.

Hall, David R. The Seven Pillories of Wisdom. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 1990.

Hirsch, E. D., Jr. Validity in Interpretation. New Haven, CT: Yale University, 1967.

LaRondelle, Hans K. The Israel of God in Prophecy: Principles of Prophetic Interpretation. Berrein Springs, MI: Andrews University Press, 1983.

Linnemann, Eta. Historical Criticism of the Bible: Methodology or Ideology; Reflections of a Bultmannian Turned Evangelical. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1990.

Marshall, I. Howard, ed. New Testament Interpretation: Essays on Principles and Methods. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1977.

Osborne, Grant R. The Hermeneutical Spiral: A Comprehensive Introduction to Biblical Interpretation. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1991.

Sandmel, S. “Parallelomania.” JBL 81 (1962): 1-13.

VanHoozer, Kevin J. Is There a Meaning in this Text? The Bible, the Reader, and the Morality of Literary Knowledge. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1998.

Yeago, David S. “The New Testament and the Nicene Dogma: A Contribution to the Recovery of Theological Exegesis.” Pro Ecclesia 3 (1994): 152-64.

NEW TESTAMENT THEOLOGY

Baker, David. Two Testaments, One Bible: A Study of the Theological Relationship between the Old and New Testaments. Rev. ed. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1991.

Blaising, Craig A., and Darrell L. Bock. Progressive Dispensationalism. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2000.

Bultmann, Rudolf. Theology of the New Testament. Translated by Kendrick Grobel. 2 vols. London: SCM, 1951-55.

Childs, B. Biblical Theology of the Old and New Testaments: Theological Reflections on the Christian Bible. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1992. Pages 1-94 only.

Cullman, Oscar. The Christology of the New Testament. Translated by S. H. Guthrie and C. A. M. Hall. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1959.

________. Salvation in History. New York: Harper & Row, 1967.

Dodd, C. H. According to the Scriptures: The Substructure of New Testament Theology. London: Nisbet & Co., 1952.

Feinberg, John S., ed. Continuity and Discontinuity: Perspectives on the Relationship between the Old and New Testaments, Essays in Honor of S. Lewis Johnson, Jr. Westchester, IL: Crossway, 1988.

Goppelt, L. Theology of the New Testament. Translated by John Alsup. 2 vols. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1982.

Hasel, G. New Testament Theology: Basic Issues in the Current Debate. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1978.

Ladd, George E. A Theology of the New Testament. Rev. ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1993.

Marshall, I. Howard. “Early Catholicism in the New Testament.” In New Dimensions in New Testament Study, ed. R. N. Longenecker and M. C. Tenney, 217-31. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1974.

________. Jesus the Saviour: Studies in New Testament Theology. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1990.

________. The Origins of New Testament Christology. Updated ed. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1990.

Morris, L. Apostolic Preaching of the Cross. Rev. ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1994.

________. The Atonement: Its Meaning and Significance. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1983.
Via, Dan O. What is New Testament Theology? Guides to Biblical Scholarship. Minneapolis: Fortress, 2002.

Wright, N. T. The New Testament and the People of God. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1992.

For personal study on individual NT books and/or authors, see the New Testament Theology series (James D. G. Dunn, gen. ed.), published by Cambridge University Press. This is not required reading, but may prove helpful in the future.

GOSPEL STUDIES (General) AND JESUS STUDIES

Bauckham, Richard, ed. The Gospels for All Christians: Rethinking the Gospel Audiences. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998.

Blomberg
, Craig. Jesus and the Gospels: An Introduction and Survey. Nashville: Broadman & Holman, 1997.

Burridge, Richard A. Four Gospels, One Jesus? Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1994.

________. What are the Gospels? A Comparison with Graeco-Roman Biography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

Conzelmann, H. The Theology of St. Luke. Translated by G. Busell. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1982.

Dunn, James D. G. Jesus Remembered. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2003.

Fitzmeyer, Joseph A. Luke the Theologian: Aspects of His Teaching. New York: Paulist, 1989.

France, R. T. The Evidence for Jesus. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1986.

________. Matthew: Evangelist and Teacher. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1987.

Gerhardsson, Birger. The Reliability of the Gospel Tradition. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2001.

Hengel, Martin. The Four Gospels and the One Gospel of Jesus Christ: An Investigation of the Collection and Origin of the Canonical Gospels. Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International, 2000.

Keck, L., and J. Louis Martyn, eds. Studies in Luke-Acts. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1980.

Marshall, I. Howard. I Believe in the Historical Jesus. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1977.

________. Luke: Historian and Theologian. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1989.

Martin, R. P. Mark: Evangelist and Theologian. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1973.

Schweitzer, Albert. The Quest of the Historical Jesus: A Critical Study of its Progress from Reimarus to Wrede. Translated by W. B. D. Montgomery. New York: Macmillan, 1968; paperback, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.

Strauss, David Friedrich. The Life of Jesus Critically Examined. Edited by P. Hodgson. Translated from the 4th German ed. by George Eliot. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1973.

Stuhlmacher, Peter, ed. The Gospel and the Gospels. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

Witherington, Ben, III. The Jesus Quest: The Third Search for the Jew of Nazareth. Expanded ed. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1997.

Wright, N. T. Jesus and the Victory of God. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1997.

SYNOPTIC PROBLEM

Black, David Alan, and David R. Beck, eds. Rethinking the Synoptic Problem. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2001.

Dungan, David Laird. A History of the Synoptic Problem: The Canon, the Text, the Composition, and the Interpretation of the Gospels. New York: Doubleday, 1999.

Farmer, William. The Synoptic Problem: A Critical Analysis. Dillsboro, NC: Western North Carolina Press, 1976.

Goodacre, Mark S. The Synoptic Problem: A Way through the Maze. London: Sheffield, 2001.

Linnemann, Eta. Is There a Synoptic Problem? Translated by Robert W. Yarbrough. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1992.

Reicke, B. The Roots of the Synoptic Gospels. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1986.

Sanders, E. P. Tendencies of the Synoptic Tradition. Edited by Matthew Black. Society for New Testament Studies Monograph Series 9. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969.

Stein, Robert H. The Synoptic Problem: An Introduction. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1987.

Streeter, B. H. The Four Gospels: A Study of Origins. London: MacMillan, 1924.

Wenham, John. Redating Matthew, Mark, and Luke: A Fresh Assault on the Synoptic Problem. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1992.

JOHANNINE STUDIES

Ashton, J., ed. The Interpretation of John. Rev. ed. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1997.

________. Studying John: Approaches to the Fourth Gospel. Oxford: Clarendon, 1994.

Brown, Raymond E. An Introduction to the Gospel of John. Edited by Francis Moloney. Anchor Bible Reference Library. New York: Doubleday, 2003.

Carson, D. A. The Gospel according to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

________. “Historical Tradition and the Fourth Gospel: After Dodd, What?” In Gospel Perspectives II, ed. R. T. France and David Wenham, 83-145. Sheffield: JSOT, 1981.

Culpepper, R. Alan. Anatomy of the Fourth Gospel: A Study in Literary Design. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1983.

Kysar, R. The Fourth Evangelist and His Gospel: An Examination of Contemporary Scholarship. Minneapolis: Augsburg, 1975.

Martyn, J. Louis. History and Theology in the Fourth Gospel. Rev. ed. Nashville: Abingdon, 1979.

Pryor, John W. John: Evangelist of the Covenant People: The Narrative and Themes of the Fourth Gospel. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1992.

Robinson, J. A. T. The Priority of John. London: SCM, 1985.

Schnackenburg, R. The Gospel according to St. John. 3 vols. London: Burns & Oates, 1968-82.

Sloyan, G. What Are They Saying about John? New York: Paulist, 1991.

Smalley, S. John, Evangelist and Interpreter. 2nd ed. Carlisle: Paternoster, 1998.

Smith, D. Moody. John Among the Gospels. 2nd ed. Columbia: University of South Carolina, 2001.

Stibbe, M. W. G. John as Storyteller. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

PAULINE STUDIES

Banks, Robert. Paul’s Idea of Community: The Early House Churches in Their Historical Setting. Rev. ed. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994.

Barrett, C. K. From the First Adam to Last: A Study in Pauline Theology. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1962.

Baur, F. C. Paul the Apostle of Jesus Christ. Edinburgh: Williams and Norgate, 1873-75; reprint, Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2003.

Beker, J. Christian. Paul the Apostle: The Triumph of God in Life and Thought. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1980.

Davies, W. D. Paul and Rabbinic Judaism: Some Rabbinic Elements in Pauline Theology. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1980.

Dunn, James D. G. “The New Perspective on Paul.” Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester 65.2 (Spring, 1983): 95-122. Also in Jesus, Paul and the Law: Studies in Mark and Galatians, 95-122. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1990.

________. The Theology of Paul the Apostle. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998.

________, ed. The Cambridge Companion to St. Paul. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Ellis, E. Earle. Paul’s Use of the Old Testament. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, 1957; reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker, 1981.

Fitzmeyer, Joseph. Pauline Theology: A Brief Sketch. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1989.

Hays, Richard. Echoes of Scripture in the Letters of Paul. Reprint ed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993.

Hengel, Martin. The Pre-Christian Paul. Translated by J. Bowden. London: SCM, 1991.

Käsemann, Ernst. Perspectives on Paul. Translated by M. Kohl. Philadelphia: Trinity Press International, 1991.

________. “‘The Righteousness of God’ in Paul.” In New Testament Questions of Today, trans. W. J. Montague. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1969.

Kim, S. The Origin of Paul’s Gospel. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1981.

Meeks, Wayne. The First Urban Christians: The Social World of the Apostle Paul. 2nd ed. New Haven: Yale Univ
ersity Press, 2003.

Munck, Johannes. Paul and the Salvation of Mankind. Translated by R. Clark. Richmond: John Knox, 1959.

Räisänen, Heiki. Paul and the Law. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1986.

Ridderbos, Herman. Paul: An Outline of His Theology. Translated by John Richard de Witt. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1975.

Riesner, R. Paul’s Early Period: Chronology, Mission Strategy, and Theology. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1997.

Sanders, E. P. Paul and Palestinian Judaism: A Comparison of Patterns of Religion. London: SCM, 1977.

________. Paul, the Law, and the Jewish People. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1983.

Schreiner, T. Paul: Apostle of God’s Glory in Christ. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2001.

Schweitzer, Albert. The Mysticism of Paul the Apostle. Translated by W. Montgomery. 2nd ed. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1953.

________. Paul and His Interpreters. Translated by W. Montgomery. New York: MacMillan, 1912.

Stendahl, Krister. Paul among Jews and Gentiles. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1976.

Stuhlmacher, Peter. “Zur paulinischen Christologie.” Zeitschrift für Theologie und Kirche 74 (1977): 449-63.

Thielman, F. Paul and the Law: A Contextual Approach. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1994.

Wenham, D. Paul: Follower of Jesus or Founder of Christianity? Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

Westerholm, Stephen. Perspectives Old and New on Paul: The “Lutheran” Paul and His Critics. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2004.

Wright, N. T. The Climax of the Covenant: Christ and the Law in Pauline Theology. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1991.

ARCHAEOLOGY

DeVries, Lamoine. Cities of the Biblical World. Peabody: Hendrickson, 1997.

Green, Kevin. Archaeology of the Roman Economy. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986.

McRay, John. Archaeology and the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1991.
O’Connor, Jerome Murphy. The Holy Land: An Archaeological Guide from the Earliest Times to 1700. 4th ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

QUMRAN AND THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS

Charlesworth, James H., ed. Jesus and the Dead Sea Scrolls: The Controversy Resolved. New York: Doubleday, 1992.

________. The Pesharim and Qumran History: Chaos or Consensus? Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2002.

Flint, Peter W., ed. The Bible at Qumran: Text, Shape, and Interpretation. Studies in the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2001.

Magness, Jodi. The Archaeology of Qumran and the Dead Sea Scrolls. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2002.

Schiffman, Lawrence W., Emanuel Tov and James C. Vanderkam, eds. The Dead Sea Scrolls Fifty Years After Their Discovery: Proceedings of the Jerusalem Congress. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society in cooperation with the Shrine of the Book, 2000.

Vermes, Geza. The Complete Dead Sea Scrolls in English. New York: Allen Lane, Penguin Press, 1997.

VanderKam, James C. The Meaning of the Dead Sea Scrolls: Their Significance for Understanding the Bible, Judaism, Jesus, and Christianity. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 2002.

ANCIENT LITERATURE

The Hebrew Bible – Gen. 1-2; Deut. 6; Ps. 22; Is. 40
The Septuagint – Gen. 1-2; Deut. 6; Ps. 22; Is. 40
The Apostolic Fathers
Philo of Alexandria
Josephus
OT Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha
NT Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha
Dead Sea Scrolls
Nag Hammadi Library – Gospel of Thomas
THE GREEK NEW TESTAMENT

GREEK LANGUAGE

Bibliographical Guides

Danker, F. W. Multipurpose Tools for Bible Study of Scripture. 3rd ed. St. Louis: Concordia, 1970.

Fitzmyer, J. A. An Introductory Bibliography for the Study of Scripture. Subsidia biblica 3. Rome: Biblical Institute, 1981.

Scholer, D. M. A Basic Bibliographic Guide for New Testament Exegesis. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1973.

Textual Tools

Aland, K. et al., eds. The Greek New Testament. 4th ed. New York: United Bible Societies, 1993.

Aland, K., ed. Synopsis Quattuor Evangeliorum. 9th ed. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelstiftung, 1976.

Aland, K., and B. Aland. The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism. 2nd ed. Translated by E. F. Rhodes. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1989.

Metzger, B. M. A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament: A Companion Volume to the United Bible Societies’ Greek New Testament. 2nd ed. New York: United Bible Societies, 1994.

________. The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Nestle, E., and K. Aland, eds. Novum Testamentum Graece. 27th ed. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelstiftung, 1993.

Grammatical Tools

Burton, E. D. Syntax of the Moods and Tenses in New Testament Greek. 3rd ed. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1898.

Blass, F., and A. Debrunner. A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and revised by R. W. Funk. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1961.

Brooks, J. A., and C. L. Winbery. Syntax of New Testament Greek. Washington: University Press of America, 1979.

Dana, H. E., and J. R. Mantey. A Manual Grammar of the Greek New Testament. New York: Macmillan, 1927; reprint, 1955.

Fanning, B. Verbal Aspect in New Testament Greek. Oxford: Clarendon, 1990.

Greenlee, J. H. A Concise Exegetical Grammar of New Testament Greek. 5th rev. ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1986.

Moule, C. F. D. An Idiom Book of New Testament Greek. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1968.

Moulton, J. H., W. F. Howard, and N. Turner. A Grammar of New Testament Greek. 4 vols. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1908-1976.

Mounce, William D. Basics of Biblical Greek. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2003.

Porter, S. E. Idioms of the Greek New Testament. Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1992.

________. Verbal Aspect in the Greek of the NT, with Reference to Tense and Mood. New York: Peter Lang, 1989.

Robertson, A. T. A Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of Historical Research. 5th ed. Nashville: Broadman, 1934.

Robertson, A. T., and W. H. Davis. A New Short Grammar of the Greek Testament. 10th ed. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1933.

Vaughan, C., and V. Gideon. A Greek Grammar of the New Testament. Nashville: Broadman, 1979.

Wallace, D. B. Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics: An Exegetical Syntax of the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996.

Zerwick, M. An Analysis of the Greek New Testament. Translated and revised by M. Grosvenor. Rome: Biblical Institute Press, 1981.

________. Biblical Greek. Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute, 1963.

Lexical Aids

Bachman, H., and H. Slaby, eds. Computer-Konkordanz zum Novum Testamentum Graece von Nestle-Aland, 26. Auflage, und zum Greek New Testament. 3rd ed. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1980.

Balz, H., and G. Schneider, eds. Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament. 3 vols. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1990.

Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and edited by W. F. Arndt, F. W. Gingrich, F. W. Danker. 3rd ed. Chicago: University Press, 2000.

Brown, C., ed. New Inte
rnational Dictionary of New Testament Theology. 4 vols. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1986.

Gingrich, F. Shorter Lexicon of the Greek New Testament. Edited by F. Danker. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983.

*Hemer, C. J. “Reflections on the Nature of New Testament Greek Vocabulary.” TynB 38 (1987): 65-92.

Kittel, G., and G. Friedrich. Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. Translated by G. Bromiley. 10 vols. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964-76.

Kubo, S. A Reader’s Greek Lexicon of the New Testament. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1975.

Liddell, H. G., R. Scott, and H. S. Jones. A Greek-English Lexicon. Oxford: Clarendon, 1968. 9th rev. ed., 1996.

Louw, J. P. and E. A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament. 2 vols. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Metzger, B. M. Lexical Aids for Students of New Testament Greek. New ed. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1969.

Moulton, W. F., and A. S. Geden. Concordance to the Greek Testament. Edited by I. H. Marshall. 6th ed., fully revised. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 2002.

*Poythress, Vern S. “How Have Inclusiveness and Tolerance Affected the Bauer-Danker Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (BDAG)?” JETS 46 (2003): 577-88.

Spicq, C. Theological Lexicon of the New Testament. Translated and edited by J. D. Ernest. 3 vols. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994.