The following books and articles are some of those appearing on the Comprehensive Reading List for PhD candidates in Old Testament at Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary.

INTRODUCTORY STUDIES

• All the Old Testament articles in The Anchor Bible Dictionary. Edited by David Noel Freedman. 6 vols. New York: Doubleday, 1992.
• And the relevant major articles in Dictionary of the Old Testament Historical Books. Edited by Bill T. Arnold and H. G. M. Williamson. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2005.

• Albright, William Foxwell. The Biblical Period from Abraham to Ezra. New York: Harper & Row, 1949.
• Barrera, Julio Trebolle. The Jewish Bible and the Christian Bible. Translated by W. G. E. Watson. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998.
• Cross, Frank Moore. From Epic to Canon: History and Literature in Ancient Israel. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.
• Eissfeldt, O. The Old Testament: An Introduction. New York: Harper & Row, 1965.
• Gaebelein, Frank E., ed. The Expositor’s Bible Commentary. Vol. 1, Introductory Articles. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1979.
• Harrison, R. K. “The Critical Use of the Old Testament.” BSac 146 (1989): 12-20.
• ________. Introduction to the Old Testament. Peabody: Hendrickson, 2004.
• Hess, Richard S., and Gordon J. Wenham, eds. Make the Old Testament Live: From Curriculum to Classroom. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998.
• Kitchen, Kenneth A. Ancient Orient and Old Testament. Chicago: InterVarsity, 1966.
• ________. On The Reliability of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2003.
• McKenzie, Steven L., and M. Patrick Graham, eds. The Hebrew Bible Today: An Introduction to Critical Issues. Louisville: John Knox, 1998.

BIBLICAL EXEGESIS

• Beale, G. K., ed. The Right Doctrine from the Wrong Texts? Essays on the Use of the Old Testament in the New. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1994.
• Bock, Darrell L. “Evangelicals and the Use of the Old Testament in the New.” BSac 142 (1985): 209-23, 306-19.
• Broyles, Craig C., ed. Introducing Old Testament Interpretation: A Guide for Exegesis. Grand
• Rapids: Baker, 2001.
• Carson, D. A. Exegetical Fallacies. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1996.
• Dockery, David S. Biblical Interpretation Then and Now. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1992.
• Greidanus, Sidney. The Modern Preacher and the Ancient Text. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1988.
• Hirsch, E. D., Jr. The Aims of Interpretation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976.
• ________. Validity in Interpretation. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1967.
• Kaiser, Walter, and Moises Silva. An Introduction to Biblical Hermeneutics. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1993.
• Klein, George L., ed. Reclaiming the Prophetic Mantle. Nashville: Broadman, 1992.
• Osborne, Grant. The Hermeneutical Spiral. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1991.
• Patterson, Paige. “The Historical-Critical Study of the Bible: Dangerous or Helpful?” Theological Educator 37 (1988): 45-61.
• Silva, Moises. Biblical Words & Their Meaning. Rev. ed. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1994.
• ________. God, Language & Scripture. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1980.
• Steck, Odil Hannes. Old Testament Exegesis: A Guide to the Methodology. Translated by J. D. Nogalski. Atlanta: Scholars, 1995.
• Stuart, Douglas. Old Testament Exegesis: A Handbook for Students & Pastors. 3rd ed. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2001.

TEXTUAL CRITICISM

• Barr, James. Comparative Philology and the Text of the Old Testament. Oxford: Clarendon, 1968.
• Deist, F. E. “Text, Textuality, and Textual Criticism.” JNSL 21 (1995): 59-67.
• ________. Towards the Text of the Old Testament. Translated by W. K. Winckler. 2nd ed. Pretoria: N. G. Kerkboekhandel Transvaal, 1981.
• Goshen-Gottstein, M. H. “The Textual Criticism of the Old Testament: Rise, Decline, Rebirth.” JBL 102 (1983): 365-99.
• Jellicoe, Sidney. The Septuagint and Modern Study. Oxford: Clarendon, 1968.
• Talmon, Shemaryahu. “The Old Testament Text.” In From the Beginning to Jerome, 159-99. Vol. 1 of The Cambridge History of the Bible. Edited by P. R. Ackroyd and C. F. Evans. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970.
• Tov, Emanuel. “The Literary History of the Book of Jeremiah in the Light of Its Textual History.” In Empirical Models for Biblical Criticism, ed. J. H. Tigay, 211-37. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1985.
• ________. The Text-Critical Use of the Septuagint in Biblical Research. 2nd ed. Jerusalem: Simor, 1997.
• ________. Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible. 2nd ed. Minneapolis: Fortress, 2001.
• ________. “Textual Criticism (OT).” In The Anchor Bible Dictionary, ed. D. N. Freedman. New York: Doubleday, 1992.
• ________. “The Use of Concordances in the Reconstruction of the Vorlage of the LXX.” CBQ 40 (1978): 29-36.
• Waltke, Bruce K. “Goals of Textual Criticism.” WTJ 51 (1989): 93-108.
• ________. “Old Testament Textual Criticism.” In Foundations for Biblical Interpretation, ed. D. S. Dockery, K. A. Mathews, and R. B. Sloan, 156-86. Nashville: Broadman and Holman, 1994.
• Würthwein, Ernst. The Text of the Old Testament. Translated by Errol F. Rhodes. 2nd rev. ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

BIBLICAL CRITICISM

• Cameron, Nigel M. de S. Biblical Higher Criticism and the Defense of Infallibilism in 19th Century Britain. Lewiston, NY: Mellen, 1987.
• Hall, David R. The Seven Pillories of Wisdom. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 1990.
• Harrison, R. K., B. K. Waltke, D. Guthrie, and G. D. Fee. Biblical Criticism. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1978.
• Knight, D. N., and G. M. Tucker, eds. The Hebrew Bible and Its Modern Interpreters. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1985.
• Linnemann, Eta. Historical Criticism of the Bible: Methodology or Ideology? Translated by R. W. Yarbrough. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1990.
• McKenzie, S. L., and S. R. Haynes, eds. To Each Its Own Meaning. Rev. ed. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1999.
• Rogerson, John. Old Testament Criticism in the Nineteenth Century: England and Germany. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1985.
• Tigay, Jeffrey, ed. Empirical Models for Biblical Criticism. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 1985.

Canonical Criticism

• Barton, John. Holy Writings, Sacred Text: The Canon in Early Christianity. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1998.
• Beckwith, Roger T. The Old Testament Canon of the New Testament Church. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1985.
• Blenkinsopp, Joseph. Prophecy and Canon. Notre Dame: Notre Dame University Press, 1977.
• Childs, B. S. Old Testament Theology in a Canonical Context. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1986.
• Davies, Philip. Scribes and Schools: The Canonization of the Hebrew Bible. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1998.
• Oswalt, John N. “Canonical Criticism: A Review from a Conservative Viewpoint.” JETS 30 (1987): 317-25.
• Sanders, James A. Canon and Community: A Guide to Canonical Criticism. GBS. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1984.
• ________. From Sacred Story to Sacred Text: Canon as Paradigm. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1987.
• ________. Torah and Canon. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1972.
• Waltke, Bruce K. “A Canonical Approach to the Psalms.” In Tradition and Testament, ed. J. S. Feinberg and P. D. Feinberg, 3-18. Chicago: Moody, 1981.

Form Criticism

• Alt, Albrecht. “The Origins of Israelite Law.” In Essays on Old Testament History and Religion, trans. R. A. Wilson, 101-71. Garden Ci
  ty: Doubleday, 1967.
• Buss, Martin J. Biblical Form Criticism in its Context. JSOTSS 274. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic, 1999.
• Hayes, John H., ed. Old Testament Form Criticism. San Antonio: Trinity University Press, 1974.
• House, Paul R., ed. Beyond Form Criticism. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1992.
• Longman, Tremper, III. “Form Criticism, Recent Developments in Genre Theory, and the Evangelical.” WTJ 47 (1985): 46-67.
• Muilenburg, James. “Form Criticism and Beyond.” JBL 88 (1969): 1-18.
• Waltke, Bruce K. “Oral Tradition.” In Inerrancy and Hermeneutic, ed. H. M. Conn, 117-35. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1988.

Source Criticism

• Albright, William F. Yahweh and the Gods of Canaan. Reprint ed. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1968.
• Alt, Albrecht. Essays on Old Testament History and Religion. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1966.
• Cassuto, Umberto. The Documentary Hypothesis. Jerusalem: Magnes, 1961.
• Harrison, R. K., B. K. Waltke, D. Guthrie, and G. D. Fee. Biblical Criticism: Historical, Literary, and Textual. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1978.
• Kikawada, Isaac M., and Arthur Quinn. Before Abraham Was: The Unity of Genesis 1-11. Nashville: Abingdon, 1985.
• Noth, Martin. The Deuteronomistic History. JSOTSS 15. Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1981.
• Speiser, E. A. Genesis. AB. Garden City: Doubleday, 1964.
• Wellhausen, Julius. Prolegomena to the History of Ancient Israel. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1885.

Literary and Narrative Criticism

• Alter, Robert. The Art of Biblical Narrative. New York: Basic, 1981.
• Avishur, Yitzhak. Studies in Biblical Narrative: Style, Structure, and the Ancient Near Eastern Literary Background. Tel Aviv: Archaeological Center, 1999.
• Barton, John. “Intertextuality and the ‘Final Form’ of the Text.” In Congress Volume, Oslo, 1998, ed. A. LeMaire and M. Sæbo, 33-44. Leiden: Brill, 2000.
• Berlin, Adele. Poetics and Interpretation of Biblical Narrative. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1994.
• Fishbane, Michael. Biblical Interpretation in Ancient Israel. Oxford: Clarendon, 1985.
• ________. “Revelation and Tradition: Aspects of Inner-Biblical Exegesis.” JBL 99 (1980): 343-61.
• ________. “Types of Biblical Intertextuality.” In Congress Volume, Oslo, 1998, ed. A. Lemaire and M. Sæbo. Leiden: Brill, 2000.
• Fokkelman, J. P. Narrative Art in Genesis. Amsterdam: van Gorcum, 1975.
• Geller, Stephen A. Sacred Enigmas: Literary Religion in the Hebrew Bible. New York: Routledge, 1996.
• ________. “Through Windows and Mirrors into the Bible: History, Literature and Language in the Study of the Text.” In A Sense of Text: The Art of Language in the Study of Biblical Literature, ed. Leon Nemoy, 3-40. JQR Supp. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1983.
• Longman, T. Literary Approaches to Biblical Interpretation. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1987.
• Mathews, Kenneth A. “Literary Criticism of the Old Testament.” In Foundations for Biblical Interpretation, ed., D. S. Dockery, K. A. Mathews, and R. B. Sloan, 205-31. Nashville: Broadman and Holman, 1994.
• Schultz, Richard L. The Search for Quotation: Verbal Parallels in the Prophets. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic, 1999.
• Ska, J. L. “Our Fathers Have Told Us”: Introduction to the Analysis of Hebrew Narratives. Rome: Editrice Pontificio Instituto Biblico, 1990.

Hebrew Poetry

• Alonso-Schökel, Luis. A Manual of Hebrew Poetics. Subsidia Biblica. Rome: Pontifico Biblico Instituto, 1988.
• Alter, Robert. The Art of Biblical Poetry. New York: Basic Books, 1985.
• Avishur, Yitzhak. Studies in Hebrew and Ugaritic Psalms. New York: Magnes, 1994.
• Berlin, Adele. The Dynamics of Biblical Parallelism. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1992.
• Cross, F. M., and D. N. Freedman. Studies in Ancient Yahwistic Poetry. Missoula, MT: Scholars, 1975.
• Freedman, David Noel. Pottery, Poetry, and Prophecy: Studies in Early Hebrew Poetry. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1980.
• Geller, Stephen A. Parallelism in Early Hebrew Poetry. Missoula, MT: Scholars, 1979.
• ________. “A Poetic Analysis of Isaiah 40:1-2.” HTR 77 (1984): 413-20.
• ________. “Theory and Method in the Study of Biblical Poetry.” JQR 78 (1982): 65-77.
• ________. “Were the Prophets Poets?” Prooftexts 3 (1983): 211-21.
• Gray, George Buchanan. The Forms of Hebrew Poetry. Jerusalem: KTAV, 1972.
• Kugel, James L. The Idea of Biblical Poetry. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1981.
• Kuntz, Kenneth. “Biblical Hebrew Poetry in Recent Research, Part 1.” CRBS 6 (1998): 31-64.
• ________. “Biblical Hebrew Poetry in Recent Research, Part II.” CRBS 7 (1999): 35-79.
• ________. “Engaging the Psalms: Gains and Trends in Recent Research.” CRBS 2 (1994): 77-122.
• van der Meer, Willem, and Johannes C. de Moor, eds. The Structural Analysis of Biblical and Canaanite Poetry. Sheffield: JSOT, 1988.
• Watson, Wilfred G. E. Classical Hebrew Poetry: A Guide to Its Techniques. JSOTSS. Sheffield: JSOT, 1986.

HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY

Introductory Works

• Aharoni, Yohanan. The Land of the Bible. Translated and edited by Anson F. Rainey. Rev. ed. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1979.
• Currid, John D. Ancient Egypt and the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1997.
• DeVaux, Roland. Ancient Israel: Its Life and Institutions. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1961.
• King, Philip J., and Lawrence E. Stager. Life in Biblical Israel. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2001.
• Mathews, Victor. Social World of the Hebrew Prophets. Peabody: Hendrickson, 2001.
• McNutt, Paula. Reconstructing the Society of Ancient Israel. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1999.
• Pedersen, Johannes. Israel: Its Life and Culture. Vols. 1-2. Atlanta: Scholars, 1991.
• Perdue, Leo, Joseph Blenkinsopp, John J. Collins, and Carol Meyers. Families in Ancient Israel. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1997.
• Pritchard, James B. Ancient Near Eastern Texts. 2nd ed. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1955.

Archaeology and the Old Testament

• Ben-Tor, Amnon, ed. The Archaeology of Ancient Israel. Translated by R. Greenberg. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992.
• Dever, William G. What Did the Biblical Writers Know, and When Did They Know It? What Archaeology Can Tell Us about the Reality of Ancient Israel. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2001.
• Finkelstein, Israel. “The Date of the Settlement of the Philistines in Canaan.” Tel Aviv 22 (1995): 213-39.
• ________. “The Archaeology of the United Monarchy: An Alternative.” Levant 28 (1996): 177-87.
• Hoerth, Alfred J. Archaeology and the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1998.
• Isserlin, B. J. “The Israelite Conquest of Canaan: A Comparative Review of the Arguments Applicable.” PEQ (115): 85-94.
• Mazar, Amihai. Archaeology of the Land of the Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1992.
• ________. “Iron Age Chronology: A Reply to I. Finkelstein.” Levant 29 (1997): 157-67.
• Richard, Suzanne, ed. Near Eastern Archaeology: A Reader. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2003.
• Wood, Bryant G. “Did the Israelites Conquer Jericho: A New Look at the Archaeological Evidence.” BAR 16:2 (1990): 44-58.

Historiography

• Finkelstein, J. J. “Mesopotamian Historiography.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 107 (1963): 461-72.
• Hallo, W. W. “Assyrian Historiography Revisited.” EI 14 (1978): 1-7.
• Herion, Gary A. “The Impact of Modern and Social Science Assumptions on the Reconstruction of Israelite History.”
  JSOT 34 (1986): 3-33.
• Hoffmeier, James K., ed. Faith, Tradition and History: Old Testament Historiography in Its Near Eastern Context. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1994.
• Hoffner, Harry A., Jr. “Histories and Historians of the Ancient Near East: The Hittites.” Or 49 (1980): 283-332.
• Kitchen, K. A. “Historical Method and Early Hebrew Tradition.” TynBul 17 (1966): 63-97.
• Kofoed, Jens Bruun. Text and History: The Old Testament Texts as a Source for the History of Israel. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2005.
• Long, V. Philips. The Art of Biblical History. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1994.
• ________, ed. Israel’s Past in Present Research: Essays on Ancient Israelite Historiography. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1999.
• Miller, J. Maxwell. The Old Testament and the Historian. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1986.
• Porter, J. R. “Old Testament Historiography.” In Tradition and Interpretation, ed. G. W. Anderson, 125-62. Oxford: Clarendon, 1979.
• Provan, Ian W. “Ideologies, Literary and Critical: Reflections on Recent Writing on the History of Israel.” JBL 114 (1995): 585-606.
• Reid, Garnett H. “Minimalism and Biblical History.” BSac 155 (1998): 394-410.
• Sasson, Jack M. “On Choosing Models for Recreating Israelite Pre-Monarchic History.” JSOT 21 (1981): 3-24.
• Younger, K. Lawson, Jr. Ancient Conquest Accounts: A Study in Ancient Near Eastern and Biblical History Writing. JSOTSup 98. Sheffield: JSOT, 1990.

OT History
Israel

• Albertz, Rainer. A History of Israelite Religion in the Old Testament Period. 2 vols. Translated by John Bowden. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 1994.
• ________. Israel in Exile: The History and Literature of the Sixth Century B.C.E. Atlanta: SBL, 2003.
• Bright, John. A History of Israel. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Westminster, 2000.
• Davies, Philip R. In Search of Ancient Israel. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic, 1992.
• Grabbe, Lester L. Can a History of Israel be Written? Sheffield: Sheffield Academic, 1997.
• Halpern, Baruch. “The State of Israelite History.” In Reconsidering Israel and Judah: Recent Studies on the Deuteronomistic History, ed. Gary N. Knoppers and J. Gordon McConville, 540-65. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2000.
• Hoffmeier, James Karl. Israel in Egypt: The Evidence for the Authenticity of the Exodus Tradition. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
• Kitchen, Kenneth A. On the Reliability of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1993.
• Miller, J. Maxwell, and John H. Hayes. A History of Ancient Israel and Judah. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1986.
• Provan, Iain, V. Philips Long, and Tremper Longman, III. A Biblical History of Israel. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2003.
• Redford, Donald B. Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.

Ancient Near Eastern History

• Briant, Pierre. From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire. Translated by Peter T. Daniels. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2002.
• Dothan, Trude, and Moshe Dothan. People of the Sea: The Search for the Philistines. New York: Macmillan, 1992.
• Kramer, Samuel Noah. The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1963.
• Oppenheim, Leo. Ancient Mesopotamia. Rev. ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977.
• Tadmor, H. and M. Weinfeld, eds. History, Historiography and Interpretation: Studies in Biblical and Cuneiform Literatures. Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1983.
• Yamauchi, Edwin M. Persia and the Bible. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1990.

Religion and Institutions

• Alt, Albrecht. Essays on Old Testament History and Religion. Translated by R. A. Wilson. Garden City: Doubleday, 1968.
• Clements, R. E. God and Temple. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1965.
• Cross, Frank Moore. Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic: Essays in the History of the Religion of Israel. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1973.
• Day, John. God’s Conflict with the Dragon and the Sea. Echoes of a Canaanite Myth in the Old Testament. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
• Gaster, Theodore H. Myth, Legend, and Custom in the Old Testament. 2 vols. Reprint ed. New York: Harper & Row, 1975.
• Haran, Menahem. Temples and Temple Service. Oxford: Clarendon, 1978.
• Hillers, D. Covenant: The History of a Biblical Idea. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 1969.
• Kaufmann, Y. The Religion of Israel. Translated by M. Greenberg. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960.
• Keel, Othmar and Christoph Uehlinger. Gods, Goddesses, and Images of God: In Ancient Israel. Translated by A. W. Mahnke. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1997.
• Kraus, Joachim. Worship in Ancient Israel. Richmond: John Knox, 1966.
• McCarthy, D. J. Treaty and Covenant. Rev. ed. Rome: Biblical Institute, 1981.
• Mendenhall, George E. Law and Covenant in Israel and the Ancient Near East. Pittsburgh: Biblical Colloquium, 1955.
• Miller, Patrick. The Religion of Ancient Israel. Philadelphia: Westminster John Knox, 2000.
• Mullen, E. T. The Assembly of the Gods: The Divine Council in Canaanite and Early Hebrew Literature. HSM 24. Chico, CA: Scholars, 1980.
• Weinfeld, Moshe. “The Covenant of Grant in the Old Testament and in the Ancient Near East.” JAOS 90 (1970).

OLD TESTAMENT THEOLOGY

• Baker, David. Two Testaments, One Bible: A Study of the Theological Relationship between the Old and New Testaments. Rev. ed. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1991.
• Barr, James. The Concept of Biblical Theology: An Old Testament Perspective. Minneapolis:
• Fortress, 1999.
• Blaising, Craig. “The Future of Israel as a Theological Question.” JETS 44 (2001): 435-50.
• Blenkinsopp, Joseph. “Old Testament Theology and the Jewish-Christian Connection.” JSOT 28 (1984): 3-15.
• Brueggemann, Walter. Theology of the Old Testament: Testimony, Dispute, Advocacy. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1997.
• Childs, Brevard. Biblical Theology of the Old and New Testaments: Theological Reflection on Christian Bible. Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 1993. Pages 1-94 only.
• Collins, John J. “Is a Critical Biblical Theology Possible?” In The Hebrew Bible and Its Interpreters, eds. W. H. Propp, et al. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1990.
• Depmster, Stephen. Dominion and Dynasty: A Biblical Theology of the Hebrew Bible. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2003.
• Dumbrell, William J. Covenant and Creation: An Old Testament Covenantal Theology. London: Paternoster, 1984.
• Eichrodt, W. Theology of the Old Testament. Translated by J. A. Baker. 2 vols. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1961-65.
• Fretheim, Terence E. The Suffering of God: An Old Testament Perspective. Overtures to Biblical Theology. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1984.
• Goldingay, John. Israel’s Gospel. Vol. 1 of Old Testament Theology. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2003.
• Gowan, Donald E. Eschatology in the Old Testament. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Fortress, 2000.
• ________. Theology in Exodus. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1994.
• Hasel, Gerhard. Old Testament Theology: Basic Issues in the Current Debate. 4th ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.
• ________. “Proposals for a Canonical Biblical Theology.” AUSS 34 (1996): 23-33.
• ________. “Recent Models of Biblical Theology: Three Major Perspectives.” AUSS 33 (1995): 55-75.
• Hayes, John H. and Frederick Prussne
  r. Old Testament Theology: Its History and Development. Atlanta: John Knox, 1985.
• House, Paul R. Old Testament Theology. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1998.
• Longman, Tremper III, and D. Reid. God is a Warrior: Studies in Old Testament Biblical Theology. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1995.
• Ollenburger, B. C., et al, eds. The Flowering of Old Testament Theology. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1992.
• Preuss, Horst Dietrich. Old Testament Theology. 2 vols. The Old Testament Library. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1995-96.
• Rendtorff, Rolf. The Canonical Hebrew Bible: A Theology of the Old Testament. Leiden: Deo, 2005.
• Sailhamer, John H. Introduction to Old Testament Theology: A Canonical Approach. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1995.
• von Rad, Gerhard. Old Testament Theology. Translated by D. M. G. Stalker. 2 vols. The Old Testament Library. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2001.
• Waltke, Bruce K. “The Book of Proverbs and Old Testament Theology.” BSac 136 (1979): 302-17.
• ________. “The Phenomenon of Conditionality within Unconditional Covenants.” In Israel’s Apostasy and Restoration, ed. A. Gileadi, 123-39. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1988.
• Wright, G. Ernest. The God Who Acts. London: SCM, 1952.

PENTATEUCH

• Alt, Albrecht. “The Origins of Israelite Law.” In Essays on Old Testament History and Religion, 79-132. Oxford: Blackwell, 1966; reprint, Garden City: Doubleday, 1968.
• Blenkinsopp, Joseph. Wisdom and Law in the Old Testament. Rev. ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
• Carmichael, Calum. The Origins of Biblical Law: The Decalogues and the Book of the Covenant. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1992.
• Gunkel, Hermann. The Legends of Genesis. New York: Schocken, 1964.
• Heidel, Alexander. The Babylonian Genesis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951.
• Kikawada, Isaac M., and Arthur Quinn. Before Abraham Was: The Unity of Genesis 1-11. Nashville: Abingdon, 1985.
• Mathews, Kenneth. Genesis 1-11. Nashville: Broadman and Holman, 1996.
• Sailhamer, John. The Pentateuch as Narrative. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1992.
• ________. “The Mosaic Law and the Theology of the Pentateuch.” WTJ 53 (1991): 241-61.
• Thompson, Thomas L. The Historicity of the Patriarchal Narratives. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1974.
• Van Seters, Abraham in History and Tradition. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1975.
• Weinfeld, Moshe. Deuteronomy and the Deuteronomistic School. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1972.

PROPHECY

• Albright, William F. “Samuel and the Beginnings of the Prophetic Movement.” In Interpreting the Prophetic Tradition, ed. H. Orlinsky, 151-76. Cincinnati: Hebrew Union, 1969.
• Barton, John. Oracles of God: Perceptions of Ancient Prophecy in Israel after the Exile. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.
• Blenkinsopp, Joseph. A History of Prophecy in Israel. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1983.
• Bright, John. Covenant and Promise: The Prophetic Understanding of the Future in Preexilic Israel. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1976.
• Clements, R. E. Old Testament Prophecy: From Oracles to Canon. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1996.
• Gowan, Donald E. Theology of the Prophetic Books: The Death and Resurrection of Israel. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1998.
• Koch, Klaus. The Prophets. 2 vols. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1983-1984.
• ________. The Rediscovery of Apocalyptic: A Polemical Work on a Neglected Area of Biblical Studies and Its Damaging Effects on Theology and Philosophy. Studies in Biblical Theology. London: SCM, 1972.
• Lindblom, Johannes. Prophecy in Ancient Israel. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1962.
• McKane, William. Prophets and Wise Men. London: SCM, 1965.
• Petersen, David. The Roles of Israel’s Prophets. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series 17. Sheffield: JSOT, 1981.
• Sawyer, John F. Prophecy and the Biblical Prophets. Rev. ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.
• VanGemeren, Willem A. Interpreting the Prophetic Word. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1990.
• Westermann, Claus. Basic Forms of Prophetic Speech. Translated by H. C. White. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1991.
• Wilson, Robert R. Prophecy and Society in Ancient Israel. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1980.

WISDOM

• Blenkinsopp, John. Wisdom and Law in the Old Testament. Rev. ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
• Clements, Ronald E. Wisdom in Theology. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1992.
• Crenshaw, J. L. Education in Ancient Israel: Across the Deadening Silence. Garden City: Doubleday, 1998.
• ________, ed. Studies in Ancient Israelite Wisdom. New York: KTAV, 1976.
• Day, John, Robert P. Gordon, and Hugh G. M. Williamson, eds. Wisdom in Ancient Israel. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995
• Gammie, John G., and Leo G. Perdue, eds. The Sage in Israel and the Ancient Near East. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1990.
• Geller, Stephen A. “Wisdom, Nature and Piety in Some Biblical Psalms.” In Riches Hidden in Secret Places: Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Memory of Thorkild Jacobsen, ed. Tzvi Abusch. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2002.
• Hurvitz, A. “Wisdom Vocabulary in the Hebrew Bible: A Contribution to the Study of ‘Wisdom Psalms.’“ VT 38 (1988): 41-51.
• Murphy, Roland. The Tree of Life: An Exploration of Biblical Wisdom Literature. 3rd ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1996.
• Perdue, Leo G., B. Scott, and W. J. Wiseman, eds. In Search of Wisdom: Essays in Memory of
• John G. Gammie. Louisville: Westminster, John Knox, 1993.
• ________. Wisdom & Creation: The Theology of Wisdom Literature. Nashville: Abingdon, 1994.
• Scott, R. B. Y. The Way of Wisdom in the Old Testament. New York: Macmillan, 1971.
• Skehan, Patrick W. Studies in Israelite Poetry and Wisdom. Washington, DC: Catholic Biblical Association, 1971.
• von Rad, Gerhard. Wisdom in Israel. Harrisburg, PA: Trinity, 1972.
• Weeks, Stuart. Early Israelite Wisdom. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
• Wright, Addison G. “The Riddle of the Sphinx: The Structure of the Book of Qoheleth.” CBQ 30 (1968): 313-4.
• Zimmerli, W. “Concerning the Structure of Old Testament Wisdom.” In Studies in Ancient Israelite Wisdom, ed. H. Orlinsky, 175-207. New York: KTAV, 1976.
• ________. “The Place and Limit of Wisdom in the Framework of the Old Testament Theology.” SJT 17 (1963): 146-58.

APOCALYPTIC

• Blenkinsopp, Joseph. Prophecy and Canon: A Contribution to the Study of Jewish Origins. South Bend, IN: Notre Dame University Press, 1977.
• Clifford, R. J. The Cosmic Mountain in Canaan and the Old Testament. HSM 4. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972.
• Collins, John J. The Apocalyptic Imagination: An Introduction to the Jewish Matrix of Christianity. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998.
• ________. “The Place of Apocalypticism in the Religion of Israel.” In Ancient Israelite Religion: Essays in Honor of Frank Moore Cross, ed. P. D. Miller, Jr., P. D. Hanson, and S. D. McBride, 539-74. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1987.
• Hanson, Paul D. The Dawn of Apocalyptic: The Historical and Sociological Roots of Jewish Apocalyptic Eschatology. Rev. ed. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1979.
• Hellholm, David, ed. Apocalypticism in the Mediterranean World and the Near East: Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Apocalypticism, Uppsala, August 12-17, 1979. 2nd enl. ed. Tübingen: Mohr, 1989.
• Miller, P. D., Jr. The Divine Warrior in Early Israel. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1973.
• Stone, M. “Lists of Revealed Things in the Apocalyptic Literature.” In Magnalia Dei: The Mighty Acts of God, ed. F. M. Cross,
  Jr., et al, 414-52. Garden City: Doubleday, 1976.

BIBLICAL HEBREW

Grammars

• Bergsträsser, G. Hebräische Grammatik. Leipzig: F. C. W. Vogel, 1918.
• Joüon, P., and T. Muraoka, A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew. 2 vols. Rome: Editrice Pontificio Istituto Biblico, 1991.
• Kautsch, E. Gesenius’ Hebrew Grammar. Edited by A. E. Cowley. Oxford: Clarendon, 1978.
• Lambdin, Thomas O. Introduction to Biblical Hebrew. New York: Scribners, 1971.
• Waltke, Bruce, and Michael O’Connor. An Introduction to Biblical Syntax. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1990.

History of the Hebrew Language/ Linguistics

• Barr, James. The Semantics of Biblical Language. Reprint ed. London: SCM, 1983.
• Blau, Joshua. “Hebrew and North West Semitic: Reflections on the Classification of the Semitic Languages.” HAR 2 (1978): 21-41.
• ________. Topics in Hebrew and Semitic Linguistics. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1998.
• Fensham, F. C. “The Use of the Suffix Conjugation and the Prefix Conjugation in a Few Old Hebrew Poems.” JNSL 6 (1978): 9-18.
• Garr, W. Randall. Dialect Geography of Syria-Palestine 1000-586 BCE. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1985.
• Gogel, Sandra. A Grammar of Epigraphic Hebrew. Atlanta: Scholars, 1998.
• Harris, Zelig S. Development of the Canaanite Dialects. New Haven: American Oriental Society, 1939.
• Hurvitz, Avi. “Can Biblical Texts be Dated Linguistically? Chronological Perspectives in the Historical Study of Biblical Hebrew.” In Congress Volume: Oslo, 1998, ed. A. Lemaire and M. Sæbo, 143-60. Leiden: Brill, 2000.
• Kahle, Paul. The Cairo Genizah. London: Oxford University Press, 1947. Pp. 86-110.
• Lyons, John. Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1968.
• Moscati, Sabatino, et al. An Introduction to the Comparative Study of the Semitic Languages. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1964.
• Kutscher, E. Y. A History of the Hebrew Language. Edited by R. Kutscher. Leiden: Brill, 1982.
• Qimron, E. The Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Atlanta: Scholars, 1986.
• ________. “Observations on the History of Early Hebrew (1000 BCE – 200 CE) in the Light of the Dead Sea Documents.” In The Dead Sea Scrolls: Forty Years of Research, ed. D. Dimant and U. Rappaport, 351-61. Leiden: Brill, 1992.
• Rooker, Mark F. “Dating Isaiah 40-66: What Does the Linguistic Evidence Say?” WTJ 58 (1996): 303-12.
• ________. “Diachronic Analysis and the Features of Late Biblical Hebrew.” Bulletin for Biblical Research 4 (1994): 135-44.
• ________. “The Diachronic Study of Biblical Hebrew.” JNSL 14 (1988): 199-214.
• ________. “Ezekiel and the Typology of Biblical Hebrew.” HAR 12 (1990): 133-55.
• Sáenz-Badillos, Angel. A History of the Hebrew Language. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Phonology, Orthography, and Writing

• Freedman, David Noel, and Frank Moore Cross, Jr. Early Hebrew Orthography. New Haven: American Oriental Society, 1952.
• Gelb, I. J. A Study of Writing. Rev. ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1963.
• Kaufman, Stephen A. “The Pitfalls of Typology: On the Early History of the Alphabet.” HUCA 57 (1986): 1-14.
• Lambdin, Thomas O. “Philippi’s Law Reconsidered.” In Biblical and Related Studies Presented to Samuel Iwry, ed. A. Kort and S. Morschauser, 135-45. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1985.
• Orlinsky, H. M. “The Origin of the Kethib-Qere System.” In Congress Volume: Oxford 1959, 184-92. VTSup 7. Leiden: Brill, 1960.
• Speiser, Ephraim A. “The Shibboleth Incident (Judges 12:6).” In Oriental and Biblical Studies, ed. J. F. Finkelstein and M. Greenberg, 143-50. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1967.

Miscellaneous

• Andersen, Francis I. The Hebrew Verbless Clause in the Pentateuch. Nashville: Abingdon, 1970.
• Kaufman, Stephen A. “An Emphatic Plea for Please.” MAARAV 7 (1991): 195-98.
• Koehler, Ludwig, and Walter Baumgartner. The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. Student ed. Leiden: Brill, 2003.
• Miller, Patrick D. “Vocative Lamed in the Psalter: A Reconsideration.” UF 11 (1979): 617-37.
• Sagarin, James L. Hebrew Noun Patterns (Mishqalim). Atlanta: Scholars, 1987.

Verbs

• Blake, Frank R. “The Hebrew WAW Conversive.” JBL 63 (1944): 271-95.
• Driver, S. R. A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (with a new introduction by W. Randall Garr). Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1997.
• Greenstein, Edward L. “On the Prefixed Preterite in Biblical Hebrew.” HS 29 (1988): 7-33.
• Goetze, Albert. “The So-called Intensive of the Semitic Languages.” JAOS 62 (1942): 1-8.
• Held, Moshe. “The Action-Result (Factitive-Passive) Sequence of Identical Verbs in Biblical Hebrew and Ugaritic.” JBL 84 (1965): 272-82.
• ________. “The YQTL-QTL (QTL-YQTL) Sequence of Identical Verbs in Biblical Hebrew and in Ugaritic.” In Studies and Essays in Honor of Abraham A. Neuman, ed. M. Ben-Horin, B. C. Weinryb, and S. Zeitlin, 281-90. Leiden: Brill, 1962.
• Huehnergard, John. “The Early Hebrew Prefix-Conjugation.” HS 29 (1988): 19-23.
• Klein, George. “The Prophetic Perfect.” JNSL 16 (1990): 45-60.
• McFall, Leslie. The Enigma of the Hebrew Verbal System: Solutions from Ewald to the Present. Sheffield: Almond, 1982.
• Rainey, Anson F. “Further Remarks on the Hebrew Verbal System.” HS 29 (1988): 35-42.
• Smith, Mark S. The Origins and Development of the Waw-Consecutive: Northwest Semitic Evidence from Ugarit to Qumran. HSS 39. Atlanta: Scholars, 1991.
• Zevit, Ziony. “Solving a Problem of the YAQTÚL Past Tense.” HS 29 (1988): 25-33.

BIBLICAL ARAMAIC

Translation

• Aramaic portions of Daniel and Ezra from BHS
• Aramaic Papyri No. 30 (Elephantine)

Grammars and Readings

• Driver, G. R. Aramaic Documents of the Fifth Century B. C. Oxford: Clarendon, 1968.
• Gibson, J. C. L. Textbook of Syrian Semitic Inscriptions, vol. 2, Aramaic Inscriptions, Including Inscriptions in the Dialect of Zenjirli. Oxford: Clarendon, 1975.
• Greenspahn, Frederick. An Introduction to Aramaic. Atlanta: Scholars, 1999.
• Rosenthal, Franz. A Grammar of Biblical Aramaic. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1974.

UGARITIC

Translation

• Texts from Cyrus Gordon’s Ugaritic Grammar – 68:6-26; 137:16-34; 1184; 1032.

Grammars and Resources

• Avishur, Yitzhak. Studies in Hebrew and Ugaritic Psalms. Jerusalem: Magnes, 1994.
• Brooke, George J., A. Curtis, and J. F. Healey, eds. Ugarit and the Bible: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ugarit and the Bible. Münster: Ugarit Verlag, 1994.
• Clifford, R. J. The Cosmic Mountain in Canaan and Old Testament. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, 1972.
• Craigie, P. C. “Parallel Word Pairs in Ugaritic Poetry.” UF 11 (1979): 135-40.
• Dahood, M. J. Proverbs and Northwest Semitic Philology. Rome: Pontifico Biblico Instituto, 1971.
• Gordon, Cyrus H. Ugaritic Textbook: Grammar. Analecta Orientalia 38. Rome: Pontificum Institutum Biblicum, 1965.
• Korpel, Marjo, and J. C. deMoor. “Fundamentals of Ugaritic and Hebrew Poetry.” UF 18 (1986): 173-212.
• Miller, P. D. The Divine Warrior in Early Israel. HSM 5. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, 1973.<
  /li>
• Pardee, Dennis. Ritual and Cult at Ugarit. Leiden: Brill, 2002.
• ________. “Ugaritic Studies at the End of the 20th Century.” BASOR 320 (2000): 49-86.
• Parker, Simon B. Ugaritic Narrative Poetry. Translated by Mark S. Smith, et.al. Writings from the Ancient World. Winona Lake: Scholars Press, 1997.
• Egert, S. A Basic Grammar of the Ugaritic Language: With Selected Texts and Glossary. Berkley: University of California, 1984.
• Sivan, D. A Grammar of the Ugaritic Language. Leiden: Brill, 2001.

QUMRAN AND NW SEMITIC INSCRIPTIONS

Translation – Paleo-Hebrew

• The Gezer Calendar; The Siloam Tunnel Inscription; Yavneh Yam (Mesad Hashavyahu); The Mesha Stele (Moabite Stone); Lachish Letters (?) 2, 3, 4

Translation – Qumran

• 1QIsa (Is. 42:1-17); The Rule of the Community – Cols. 1-3; Temple Scroll – Col. 45:7-47

Readings in Northwest Semitic Inscriptions

• Ahituv, S. Handbook of Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions. 1992.
• Albright, William F. “The Gezer Calendar.” BASOR 92 (1943): 16-26.
• Amusin, J. D., and M. L. Heltzer. “The Inscription from Mesad Hashavyahu.” IEJ 14 (1964): 148-59.
• Cross, Frank Moore, Jr. “The Development of the Jewish Scripts.” In The Bible and the Ancient Near East, ed. G. E. Wright, 133-202. New York: Doubleday, 1961.
• ________. “The Origin and Early Evolution of the Alphabet.” ErIsr 8 (1967): 8-24.
• Davies, G. I. Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions: Corpus and Concordance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
• Dearman, Andrew, ed. Studies in the Mesha Inscription and Moab. Atlanta: Scholars, 1989.
• Faust, Avraham. “A Note on Hezekiah’s Tunnel and the Siloam Inscription.” JSOT 90 (2000): 3-9.
• Moran, William L., trans. and ed. The Amarna Letters. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992.
• Parker, Simon B. Stories in Scripture and Inscriptions: Comparative Studies on Narratives in Northwest Semitic Inscriptions and the Hebrew Bible. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

Qumran Readings and Resources

• Abegg, Martin G. “The Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls.” In The Dead Sea Scrolls After Fifty Years: A Comprehensive Assessment, ed. P. W. Flint and J. C. Vanderkam, 325-58. Leiden: Brill, 1998.
• Cross, Frank Moore, Jr. The Ancient Library of Qumran. Rev. ed. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1995.
• Cross, Frank Moore, Jr., and Shemaryahu Talmon. Qumran and the History of the Biblical Text. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1975.
• Dimant, Devorah. “The Library of Qumran: Its Content and Character.” In The Dead Sea Scrolls After Fifty Years: A Comprehensive Assessment, ed. P. W. Flint and J. C. Vanderkam, 379-402. Leiden: Brill, 1998.
• Flint, Peter. “The Book of Psalms in the Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls.” VT 48 (1998): 453-72.
• Herbert, E. D., and E. Tov, eds. The Bible as Book: The Hebrew Bible and Judaean Desert Discoveries. New Castle: Oak Knoll, 2002.
• Klein, Ralph W. Textual Criticism of the Old Testament: The Septuagint after Qumran. GBS. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1974.
• Mathews, K. A. “The Background of the Paleo-Hebrew Texts at Qumran.” In The Word of the Lord Shall Go Forth: Essays in Honor of David Noel Freedman, ed. C. L. Meyers and M. O’Connor, 549-68. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1983.
• Tov, Emanuel. “Scribal Practices Reflected in the Texts from the Judaean Desert.” In The Dead Sea Scrolls After Fifty Years: A Comprehensive Assessment, ed. P. W. Flint and J. C. Vanderkam, 403-29. Leiden: Brill, 1998.
• Ulrich, Eugene. “The Bible in the Making: The Scriptures Found at Qumran.” In The Bible at Qumran: Text, Shape, and Interpretation, ed. P. W. Flint, 51-66. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2001.
• Vanderkam, James and Peter Flint. The Meaning of the Dead Sea Scrolls. New York: HarperCollins, 2004.